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Investigation of the effect of sulphurous humic acid and plant density on the growth and yield of pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars
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Reza Vakili   , Alireza Dadkhah * , Reza Rezvani |
| Department of Plant Production and Genetic, Shirvan Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran |
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Abstract: (240 Views) |
Introduction
Todays the excessive use of chemical fertilizers endangered food safty consequently public health and environment. It seems that by using natural and ecological inputs, while increasing the yield of crops, it is possible to maintain the sustainability of production and the health of the environment in the long term.
Materials and methods
The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications in the Bojnord city located in north east of iran during the year 2022. The experimental factors included: plant density at three levels including 11, 20, and 29 plants per square meter, sulfur-containing humic acid (0 (no application humic acid) 4 and 6 liters per hectare) and pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars (Kosha and Ghafar).
Results and Discussion
The results of experiment showed that the highest plant height was related to the pinto bean (Kosha cultivar) at density of 29 plants per squer meter.However, the plant hight of pinto bean (Ghafar cultivar) was more affected by the plant density than the Kosha cultivar. Kusha cultivar had the highest number of seeds in pods. With increasing of plant density, the number of pods per plant decreased in both cultivars of pinto bean (Kosha and Ghafar). In Kosha cultivar at plant density of 11, sulfur-containing humic acid factor did not significantly affected the number of seeds in pods. However, at higher densities, with increasing of humic acid application, the number of seeds in the pod increased. The highest seed yield was observed in the Kosha cultivar with application 6 liters of humic acid per hectare. The interaction effect of plant density and humic acid on seed yield showed that the highest bean seed yield was related to the density of 20 plants per square meter along with sulfur humic acid of 6 liters per hectare. The biological yield of Kosha cultivar was 11.8% higher than Ghafar cultivar. With increasing the plant density, the biological yield increased. Based on results, the highest biological yield was observed in the density of 29 plants, which increased by 41.3% compared to 11 plant density. It was also observed that at the level of no humic acid fertilization, the amount of total chlorophyll of pinto bean cultivars of Kosha and Ghafar were not affected by plant density. However, with increasing of humic acid application, the amount of total chlorophyll in both cultivars significantly increased, so that the highest amount of this trait was observed at level 6. liter per hectare of humic acid and at the densities of 11 and 20 plants in Kosha and the density of 11 plants in Ghafar cultivar.
Conclusion
In general, it was found that humic acid and plant density were able to have a positive effect on most of the traits and photosynthetic pigments of pinto beans. By observing the appropriate level of density, variety and humic acid, we will be able to harvest the maximum yield of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars (Kosha and Ghafar) in the desired area.
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| Keywords: Biological yield, seed yield, plant height, chlorophyll |
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Full-Text [PDF 584 kb]
(407 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Crop Physiology
Received: 2024/05/31 | Accepted: 2024/05/30 | Published: 2024/05/30
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