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Showing 13 results for Mycorrhiza
N Ghanavati, H.a Nadian, A.a Moezy, F Rejali,
Volume 5, Issue 17 (6-2013)
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal fungi on growth in Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrum L.) plant under different levels of sewage sludge, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with twelve treatments and three replications. The treatments of the experiment were a combination of three Mycorrhizal fungi status (Mi= Glomus intraradices, Mm= Glomus mosseae and M0= non-inoculation) and four sewage sludge levels (S0=0, S1=25, S2=50 and S3=100 ton per ha). The results showed that adding sewage sludge significantly increased dry weight growth parameters of clover, root dry weight, root length and weight of nodes in clover plant, but the percentage of roots colonization was significantly reduced. Root inoculation of clover plant with two species of Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal Fungi had positive and significant effect on most growth parameters of clover in comparison to non-inoculation.
A. Gholami, M. Mahmoudi,
Volume 6, Issue 22 (9-2014)
Abstract
Maze is widely cultivated in many countries due to capabilities such as adaptation to various climatic conditions, drought tolerance, high performance, ability to be in different frequencies, full adoption of mechanization and the multiple uses. In order to investigate the application effect of mycorrhiza fungus and various amounts of the phosphorus fertilizer levels on the quantitative and qualitative features of Zea mays Single Cross Karoon, an experiment was conducted as factorial in randomized complete blocks design with two levels of mycorrhiza fungus application and non-application and four amounts of phosphorus fertilize with three replications, in north of Khouzestan in 2013 cropping year. The obtained results of variance analysis showed that through adding mycorrhiza fungus the grain yield, biological yield, bush harvesting index, grain number in row and bush height, at one percent level and the traits like bush height, one thousand-grain weight and grain protein was significant at five percent level and row number in grain was not affected by mycorrhiza. Also, A2 treatment (the use of mycorrhizal inoculation) showed higher yield with the average protein percent 10/83 comparing to treatment A1 (lack of using mycorrhizal inoculation) with average 10/59. The effect of phosphate treatment on bush height, one thousand-grain weight, grain yield, grain number, biological yield, bush harvesting index and protein was significant at one percent level and was not significant at row number in maize.
P. Pezeshkpour, M. Ardakani, F. Paknejad, S. Vazaan,
Volume 6, Issue 23 (12-2014)
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of biological fertilizers on grain yield, yield components, the efficiency of precipitation and productivity effort of chickpea as autumn plantation, this experiment as factorial by using mycorrhiza inoculation factors (inoculation and non-inoculation), bio-phosphate inoculation (inoculation and non-inoculation) and vermicompost (without fertilizer, 6 and 12 tons per hectare) in completely randomized blocks design with 4 replications was carried out during 2009-2010 cropping year in Agriculture Research Station of Sarab Changayi (Affiliate with Agriculture Research Center and Natural Resources of Lorestan province). The means were compared by Duncan test at probable level of five percentage. The results showed that the highest grain yield (2497 kilogram per hectare), biological yield (7720.4 kilogram per hectare), one hundred-grain weight (28.5g), grain harvest index (32.2 percentage), productivity effort (49) and efficiency of precipitation (5.1 kilogram per millimeter) was obtained in mycorrhiza inoculation. The bio-phosphate inoculation showed significant effect on grain yield and efficiency of precipitation so that the highest grain yield (2310.4 kilogram per hectare) and water productivity (4.7 kilogram per millimeter) was obtained of bio-phosphate inoculation. Also, Vermicompost factor had significant effect on grain yield, biological yield and efficiency of precipitation and the highest grain yield (2373.7 kilogram per hectare), biological yield (8174.9 kilogram per hectare) and efficiency of precipitation (4.8 kilogram per millimeter) in third level of vermicompost (12tons per hectare) was achieved. In this research, the effect of interaction two factors mycorrhiza inoculation and bio-phosphate inoculation on grain yield and harvest index and two factors of mycorrhiza inoculation and vermicompost on grain yield, biological yield and efficiency of precipitation was significant.
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Volume 10, Issue 40 (3-2019)
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of Rhizobium bacterium and mycorrhizal fungi on yield and yield components of red bean Goli cultivar under water deficit tension, the present experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at research farm of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz during 2015. Water deficit tension by three levels of irrigation after 70, 110 and 150 millimeter evaporation from class A evaporation pan as the main factor and seed inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli bacterium, mycorrhizal fungi, Rhizobium bacterium + mycorrhizal fungi and lack of inoculation as sub factor levels were considered. Water deficit tension with decrease of pods in bush, one-thousand-grain weight and seed number in pod reduced seed yield in bean. The grain yield in 110 and 150 millimeter evaporation in comparison of irrigation after 70 millimeter evaporation decreased 73/37 and 38/08 percent, respectively. Dual inoculation treatment of rhizobium and mycorrhiza, showed the highest seed yield (2327 kilogram per hectare), the highest number of pods per plant (16/08), number of seeds per plant (80/06), one-hundred seed weight (23/75 gram) and chlorophyll content (32/45). Seed inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium bacterium increased seed yield (40/24 percent) rather than non-use of these factors and also, their separate consumption (rhizobium 22/34 percent and 25 percent mycorrhiza) that reduced the bad effects of water deficit tension on bean. According to the results of this experiment, micro-organisms can be used to reduce the effects of water deficit tension in bean cultivation.
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Volume 10, Issue 40 (3-2019)
Abstract
One of the new methods for optimum management and increasing the efficiency of water resources utilization in agricultural uses is the use of irrigation methods. Considering the importance of this issue, this research was carried out to determine the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on the yield of sunflower cultivars under drought tension conditions and as split split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2016.The applied treatments included drought tension levels: severe tension, moderate and non-tension, three cultivars of sunflower Farrokh, Hissan and Barzegar, and two species of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mossea and Glomus intraradices. Different levels of soil moisture discharge (80, 60 and 40 percent, respectively) were considered for applying different treatments. Different irrigation treatments were applied after stem elongation and then the growth and yield characteristics were measured. The results showed that application of mycorrhiza had a significant effect on the increase in seed and oil yield of sunflower cultivars, stem dry weight, stem length, seed number and diameter. The highest grain yield was obtained from using Hissan cultivar and G. mossea fungi under moderate drought tension conditions (6399/05 kilogram per hectare). Extreme and moderate drought tension without mushroom application caused 46 percent and 20 percent loss of yield of sunflower cultivars compared with control (non-tension conditions without fungi use). Moderate drought tension and application of mycorrhiza Arbuscular fungi reduced 13 percent of sunflower seed yield to full irrigation, saving only irrigation water by 30 percent compared to full irrigation. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi can compensate for the loss of yield resulting from drought tension through water saving.
Sedigheh Ghanahi, Homayun Chegeni,
Volume 11, Issue 44 (12-2019)
Abstract
The present research aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of phosphate soil with phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms on yield and yield components of canola (Hyola 50 cultivar) carried out as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Golcheshme Azadehshahr Cultivation and Industry in cropping year 2017-2018. The first factor was the use of phosphate soil at four levels including 0, 50, 100 and 150 kilogram per hectare and the second is the use of phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms at three levels including control (no use), phosphorus-soluble bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescensa) and phosphorus-solubilizing fungi (Mycorrhiza, Glomus mosseae). The results showed that the effect of soil phosphate on all investigated traits except harvest index was significant at 5 percent level. The effect of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms on biological yield, grain yield, oil percentage, oil yield, seed phosphorus and leaf phosphorus was significant at 1 percent level. Interaction of soil phosphate and phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms on grain yield and oil yield was significant. Increasing phosphate soil up to 150 kilogram increased grain yield, so that grain yield was 2246 in the non-soil phosphate treatment (control) and 2431, 2510 and 2570 kilogram per hectare in 50, 100 and 150 kilogram phosphate soil treatments, respectively.
Sara Mohammadi Kale Sarlo, Raouf Seyd Sharifi,
Volume 14, Issue 53 (4-2022)
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that can limit the growth and yield of crops, but application of bio fertilizers and nano silicon can moderate the effects of salinity. So, in order to study the effects of salinity, bio fertilizers and nano silicon on chlorophyll content and grain filling components of triticale, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in greenhouse research of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 2021. Factors experiment were included salinity levels (no application of salinity as control, salinity of 30 and 60 mM by NaCl), application of bio fertilizers (no application as control, application of vermicompost, mycorrhiza, both application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza), and nano silicon foliar application (foliar application with water as a control, foliar application 30 and 60 mg.L-1 nano silicon). The results showed that both application of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and foliar application of 60 mg.L-1 nano silicon under no salinity conditions increased root weight and volume (34.82 and 12.92%, respectively), chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids content (80.22, 90.32, 88.82 and 80.96%, respectively) and leaf area index (132.96%) compared to no application of bio fertilizers and nano silicon under 60 mM salinity conditions. Also, both application of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and foliar application of 60 mg.L-1 nano silicon under no salinity conditions increased maximum of grain weight, grain filling period and effective grain filling period (40.07, 25.69 and 44.93% respectively) and grain yield (88.88%) compared to no application of bio fertilizers and nano silicon under 60 mM salinity conditions. It seems that the application of bio fertilizers and nano silicon can increase grain yield of triticale under salinity conditions due to improve leaf area index, root weight and volume, chlorophyll content and grain filling components.
Dr Mohammad Aziz Rezaie, Dr Babak Pasari, Dr Khosro Mohammadi, Dr Asad Rokhzadi, Dr Ezzat Karami,
Volume 14, Issue 54 (9-2022)
Abstract
Water shortage is the most important factor in reducing the yield of dryland chickpeas. Therefore, increasing access to available water resources and increasing water use efficiency through the use of microorganisms that improve water absorption, such as mycorrhiza and transpiration-reducing compounds such as Chitosan, as well as regulating the growth of cycocell is very important. This experiment carried out next to Kamyaran-synoptic meteorological site of Varmahang in northwest of Iran during two consecutive years (2016-2018). The experiment was conducted as split plot- factorial in a randomized complete block design at three replications .In this study the main plot consisted of mycorrhiza inoculation )un-inoculation: control and inoculation by Glomus intraradices and sub plot involved chitosan application (0, 0.5 and 1gr/lit) and sub-subplots were foliar application of cycocel (0, 0.5 and 1gr/lit). 10 days after foliar application of Cycocel and chitosan (60 days after sowing), physiological traits such as: photosynthetic pigments including chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, relative leaf water content, canopy temperature, leaf proline, peroxidase enzyme and also grain yield in stage of full maturity, was measured. The results showed that traits such as, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid, proline, peroxidase and grain yield showed significant differences at 5 and 1% level by experimental treatments and their interactions. So that chlorophyll a in the first year and chlorophyll b in second year showed a significant increase under the influence of mycorrhiza × chitosan × cycocel interaction. The relative water content increased significantly under the influence of Cycocel and the interaction of chitosan × Cycocel in the first year and under the influence of inoculation with mycorrhiza in the second year. Mycorrhiza inoculation in the second year increased proline levels as 21.07%, while lowering the canopy temperature. Cycocel spraying also increased the peroxidase level by 13.43% in the second year and under the influence of mycorrhiza × chitosan × year interaction, the peroxidase level increased during both cropping years. Finally, in the first year, grain yield increased by 24.05% compared to the control under the interaction influence of mycorrhiza inoculation × Cycocel at 1 g / l concentration. Based on the results of this experiment, the use of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices before planting and spraying cycocel at a rate of 1 g/l in the pre-flowering stage of dryland chickpeas in Kamyaran region is recommended.
Mehrdad Yarnia, Hadi Aminzadeh, Ebrahim Khalilvand E Behruzyar, Bahram Mirshekari, Varahram Rashidi,
Volume 14, Issue 56 (3-2023)
Abstract
Dehydration has become the most important factor in reducing the growth and yield of crops in recent decades, while a number of simple and inexpensive operations can reduce the impact of dehydration on plants and increase plant growth and yield. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation (irrigation after 70,100,130 and 160mm evaporation from pan class A) and application of mycorrhizal treatments (no Application of mycorrhizal fungus, application of Glomus mossae, Glomus Hoei, Glomus intraradise and application of all three species of mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and yield of St. John's wort and its physiological characteristics were performed. This study was carried out in two cropping years in the fields of Tabriz Azad University as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design. Based on the results of this study, the highest essential oil yield with 13.45 g was obtained in the treatment of application of all three species of mycorrhizal fungi + irrigation after 100 mm evaporation from pan class A. The treatment of application of all three species of mycorrhizal fungi had the greatest effect on dry weight and percentage of essential oil of St. John's wort. Due to the results and the importance of essential oil yield, reducing irrigation water to irrigation 100 mm in the class A pan and applying a mixture of mycorrhizal treatments, can increase the essential oil yield in the climatic conditions of the study area.
Seyed Shahram Elyasi, Professor Alireza Pirzad, Professor Jalal Jalilian, Dr Ebrahim Roohi, Dr Adel Siosemardeh,
Volume 15, Issue 57 (5-2023)
Abstract
Considering the importance of cultivating rainfed oil plants and the possibility of introducing them in rotation with wheat, in the present study, the reactions of the morpho-physiological traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) in response to different types of tillage in rainfed conditions were evaluated. The experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Saral Rainfed Agricultural Research Station of Kurdistan during 2017-2019 seasons. The treatments were no-tillage, reduced tillage, and conventional tillage systems. The results of this experiment showed that the types of tillage caused changes in the morpho-physiological traits of the safflower. The highest yield (796 kg/ha) was obtained from no-tilllage system, which showed an increase of 24.8 and 40 percent compared to reduce tillage and no-tillage, respectively. In the no-tillage system, relative water content (69%), chlorophyll (2.01 mg/gr fresh weight of leaves) and leaf area index (2.8) were respectively higher than reduce tillage and conventional tillage. The highest amount of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes (0.085 and 0.72 units mg protein per minute, respectively) was observed in the leaves of plants cultivated by conventional system. In conventional tillage, the root colonization and sporulation were decreased significantly compared to the other two tillage systems. Finally, the physiological and biochemical traits related to yield in no-tillage and reduce tillage showed a more favorable and stable situation than conventional tillage.
Mr Abdollah Hosseini, Dr Mohammad Mirzaeiheydari, Dr Abbas Maleki, Dr Mahmood Rostaminia, Dr Farzad Babaei,
Volume 15, Issue 58 (11-2023)
Abstract
Today, with increasing agricultural production to meet the growing needs of the expanding population, concerns have been raised about the future of food supply for the people. Among the environmental barriers to plant growth and yield, drought is the most important factor in reducing production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In order to evaluate the effect of mycorrhiza and gibberellin consumption and drought stress on the quantitative and qualitative yield of mung bean, experimental split factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with 4 replications during two cropping years 2017 and 2018 in Malekshahi region of Ilam province. Experimental treatments included three levels of drought stress (30, 60 and 90 mm evaporation from evaporation pan) as the main factor and three levels of gibberellin including (control, seed, and foliar application) and three levels of mycorrhiza (control, seed and application soil). It was factorial. Comparison of the mean of the three interactions of drought stress and gibberellin and mycorrhiza hormones showed that in 30 mm water evaporation from gibberellin pan and foliar application of gibberellin and no mycorrhiza application, the highest grain yield was obtained at 22255.4 kg ha-1. The highest and lowest polyphenol oxidase in seed treatments of gibberellin acid under 90 mm evaporation from evaporation pan and no consumption of gibberellic acid under 30 mm evaporation from evaporation pan with values of 0.87 and 0.44 μmol of distilled water per gram of fresh weight.The highest and lowest ascorbate peroxidase in mycorrhiza seed treatments under 90 mm evaporation from evaporation pan and no consumption of mycorrhiza and gibberellin acid under 30 mm evaporation from evaporation pan with values of 0.4 and 1.81 μm g-1 water weight, respectively. It was found that the difference between these was statistically significant.
Fardin Momeni, Alireza Abdali Mashhadi, Seyed Ataolah Siadat, Babak Pakdaman, Mokhtar Ghobadi,
Volume 15, Issue 58 (11-2023)
Abstract
Chickpea is one of the important pulses with high nutritional value and adaptability, which has the ability to biologically fix atmospheric nitrogen. In this study, the effect of salicylic acid and biofertilizers on the physiological indicators of growth in two chickpea cultivars was investigated. Elicitors such as salicylic acid can reduce the severity of drought stress in some plants. On the other hand, biofertilizers can reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers and reduce the cost of production and environmental pollution by providing a part of the nutritional needs of plants.This experiment was carried out for two years in 2017 and 2018 at Razi University of Kermanshah under rainfed conditions. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included chickpea cultivars (Bivanij and Azad cultivars), salicylic acid foliar spraying (no application, application of 0.5 and one millimolar concentrations) and biological fertilizer (control, Biosuperphosphate bacteria (Pseudomonas + Enterobacter), Biosulfur bacteria (Thiobacillus spp.), Rhizobium bacterium (Mesorhizobium cicero) and Mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis) with CFU (Colony Forming Unit)=108). The CGR (Crop Growth Rate), RGR (Relative Growth Rate), NAR (Net Assimilation Rate) and LAI (Leaf Area Index) indices were used to evaluate the effect of experimental factors on chickpea plant growth. The highest TDM, LAI, CGR, RGR and NAR were observed in 0.5 millimolar concentration of salicylic acid and Bivanij variety. The highest TDM, LAI, CGR and NAR were observed in Mesorhizobium ciceri and Rhizophagus irregularis biofertilizers. In Mesorhizobium ciceri biofertilizer, the highest TDM, LAI, CGR, and NAR were 41, 9, 72, and 39% higher in the first year and 39, 5, 61, and 4% higher in the second year than the control, respectively. Biofertilizers had little effect on RGR. The trend of NAR changes under the effect of cultivar factors, salicylic acid and biofertilizers was very different in the first and second years of the experiment. In general, among the experimental factors levels, the cultivar Bivanij, the 0.5 millimolar concentration of salicylic acid and the Mesorhizobium ciceri biofertilizer had the highest growth indices.
Saadat Dahpahlavan, Amin Farnia, Mojtaba Jafarzadeh Kenarsari, Shahram Nakhjavan,
Volume 15, Issue 59 (12-2023)
Abstract
These days, the application of organic and biological fertilizers to optimize the use of chemical fertilizers as well as improve crop quality and maintain soil fertility in sustainable agricultural systems, has gained special significance. A split-split-plot experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and two consecutive years in 2018 and 2019, to investigate the effect of combined application of biological, organic, and chemical fertilizers on yield and quality of single-cross Simon corn grain. Nitrogen treatment was used in three levels of zero, 150 and 300 kg/ha or by using 46% urea fertilizer and vermicompost treatment was used in three levels of 0, 6 and 12 tons per hectare and mycorrhiza treatment was considered in two levels of application and non-application. Results showed that Muse V12ton/hecN150kg/hec it has been superior to other levels in terms of growth indicators. and the effect of mycorrhiza fertilizer on final yield and nitrate and Weight 100seeds was significant and The effect of application of vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizer on all items was significant. Findings show that the highest amount of nitrate (142.77 mg/kg of grain) was obtained in non-application of mycorrhiza, vermicompost and 300 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare, and the highest yield of 16.96 tons per hectare was obtained in application of mycorrhiza, 12 tons of vermicompost, and 300 kg of pure nitrogen. Also, by consuming 6 tons of vermicompost per hectare with mycorrhiza and 50% nitrogen fertilizer, without significant reduction in yield (14.85 tons per hectare), the amount of nitrate accumulation in the grain is 44.65 mg/kg. It was shown that the application of organic and biological fertilizers along with chemical fertilizers also modulates the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers.
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