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In order to evaluate the best sowing date and its effect on yield and yield components of sunflower cultivars, a field experiment was done as split block design in a randomized pattern of complete block design with three replications in 2009 in Shahinshahr , Isfahan. The sowing date was studied in four intervals : 22 June,2009, 1 Jul,2009,11 Jul,2009, and 21 Jul 2009. The four factors used were, Alestar, Azargol, Master and Zaria. The results showed that sowing date had a significant effect on the number of seed, weight of thousand seeds, seed yield, LAI, Cap diameter and oil percentage. The higher seed yield (4170 kg/ha) was obtained from the first sowing date (22 June.2009), and the lowest seed yield (2230 kg/ha) was obtained from the last sowing date (21 Jul.2009). The average of seed yield in 1 Jul.2009 and 11 Jul.2009 was 3980 and 2760 kg/ha. The highest number of seed (759.5) and weight of thousand seeds (55 gr) was obtained from 22.June.2009 and the lowest number of seed (619.3) and weight of thousand seeds (36 gr) was obtained from 21.Jul.2009. The cultiver had a significant effect on all studied traits except the number of seeds. The highest and lowest seed yield were related to Azargol (4090 kg/ha) and Alestar (2450 kg/ha). The seed yield of Zaria and Master were 3500 and 2910 kg/ha. The highest and lowest weight of thousand seeds was obtained from Azargol (57 gr) and Alestar (38 gr).

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In order to investigate the effect of different treatments of  intercropping sugarcane with two types of legumes on some quantitative and qualitative propertys of sugarcane, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments and four replications in two locations in Ahvaz, Iran in 2016-2017. The treatments included: Pure Sugarcane, Pure Soybean, Pure Cowpea, Pure Soybean +Rhizobium, Pure Cowpea+Rhizobium, Pure Sugarcane+Mycorrhizal, Intercropping Sugarcane with Cowpea, Intercropping Sugarcane with Soybean, Intercropping Sugarcane with Cowpea+Rhizobium, Intercropping Sugarcane with Soybean + Rhizobium, Intercropping Sugarcane+Mycorrhiza and Cowpea, Intercropping Sugarcane+Mycorrhiza and Soybean, Intercropping Sugarcane+Mycorrhiza and Soybean + Rhizobium and Intercropping Sugarcane+Mycorrhiza and Cowpea+Rhizobium. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the highest harvest index for cane yield (93.81 %) and sugar yield (7.34 %), purity (87.28 %), white sugar percentage (11.73 %), and maximum nitrogen (2.56 %), phosphorus (0.26 %), potassium (1.91 %) in the lamina, and moisture content (83.82 %) in the leaf sheath of sugarcane in treatment of intercropping sugarcane (inoculated with fungi) with cowpea (inoculated with bacteria) and the best LER in treatment of intercropping sugarcane with cowpea were obtained. These results showed that mycorrhiza symbiosis was positive in sugarcane, and when mycorrhiza fungi and cowpea were present simultaneously in a treatment, their synergistic effect on the harvest index of cane yield and harvest index of sugar yield and also qualitative propertys in sugarcane were positive.

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Sesame is one of the oldest crops in the world, due to its high oil content, is one of the most important oilseed plants in arid and semi-arid regional. This experiment was conducted in the form of statistical design in randomized complete blocks with split plots-factorial with three levels of moisture levels 100, 75 and 50% of sesame water requirement in the main plots application of calcium nitrate at three levels (0, 0.5 and 10 Mm) and putrescine at two levels (0.5 Mm and water spraying solution) in sub-plots with three replications at the Birjand University of Agriculture Research Farm was conducted in 2017. The result showed that the interaction of moisture levels, calcium nitrate, and putrescine were significant (p <0.05) for relative water content, ion leakage, osmotic potential, grain yield, oil yield and protein percentage. Decreased humidity levels of 50% water requirement led to a decrease in relative water content, osmotic potential, grain yield, oil yield and oil percentage, but ion leakage and grain protein percentage increased under conditions of decreasing moisture levels. Among the sprayed compounds, traits such as relative content, grain yield, oil yield and protein percentage had a higher mean than other treatments. The highest grain yield (1373/93 Kg/ha) was obtained at moisture levels of 100% water requirement with the use of putrescine and 10 Mm of calcium nitrate. Also dual interaction of moisture levels calcium nitrate in calcium nitrate and moisture levels putrescine were significant (p <0.05) for grain oil percentageSesame is one of the oldest crops in the world, due to its high oil content, is one of the most important oilseed plants in arid and semi-arid regional. This experiment was conducted in the form of statistical design in randomized complete blocks with split plots-factorial with three levels of moisture levels 100, 75 and 50% of sesame water requirement in the main plots application of calcium nitrate at three levels (0, 0.5 and 10 Mm) and putrescine at two levels (0.5 Mm and water spraying solution) in sub-plots with three replications at the Birjand University of Agriculture Research Farm was conducted in 2017. The result showed that the interaction of moisture levels, calcium nitrate, and putrescine were significant (p <0.05) for relative water content, ion leakage, osmotic potential, grain yield, oil yield and protein percentage. Decreased humidity levels of 50% water requirement led to a decrease in relative water content, osmotic potential, grain yield, oil yield and oil percentage, but ion leakage and grain protein percentage increased under conditions of decreasing moisture levels. Among the sprayed compounds, traits such as relative content, grain yield, oil yield and protein percentage had a higher mean than other treatments. The highest grain yield (1373/93 Kg/ha) was obtained at moisture levels of 100% water requirement with the use of putrescine and 10 Mm of calcium nitrate. Also dual interaction of moisture levels calcium nitrate in calcium nitrate and moisture levels putrescine were significant (p <0.05) for grain oil percentage