fa تاثیر میکوریزا و نانو ذرات آهن و سیلیکون بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی چاودار در ‌شرایط قطع آبیاری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی Crop Physiology پژوهشي Research <span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="direction: rtl;"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "><font color="#000000">محدودیت آبی یکی از &nbsp;</font><font color="#000000">مهمترین تنش&shy;های غیر زیستی است که می&shy;تواند رشد و عملکرد چاودار </font></span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">(</font></span></span></span></b><b><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: white;"><span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">Secale cereal </span></span></span></span></span></i></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: white;"><span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">L.</span></span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: white;"><span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">) </span></span></span></span></span></b><font color="#000000"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">را کاهش دهد. راه&shy;کارهای متعددی به</span></span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">&shy;</font></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">منظور بهبود عملکرد چاودار تحت شرایط محدودیت آبی پیشنهاد شده&shy;اند که در میان آنها کاربرد میکوریزا</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> و نانوذرات</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> آهن و سیلیکون</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">،</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> نقش مهمی را در بهبود عملکرد این گیاه ایفا می&shy;کند.</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> در این را</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">بطه</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">به&shy;منظور بررسی </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">تاثیر میکوریزا و نانوذرات</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> آهن و سیلیکون</span></span></span></b></font><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "><font color="#000000"> بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی چاودار در شرایط <span style="background: lime;">قطع آبیاری</span></font><font color="#000000">، آزمایشی به‌صورت</font></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه&shy; بلوک</span></span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">&shy;</font></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار</span></span></span></span></b><b> </b><font color="#000000"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">در</span></span></span></b><b> </b></font><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "><font color="#000000">گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی </font><span style="color: black;">در سال 1401 اجرا شد. </span></span></span></span></b><font color="#000000"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل به‌عنوان شاهد</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">،</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد مراحل سنبله&shy;دهی و آبستنی (چکمه‌ای شدن)، کاربرد میکوریزا در دو سطح (بدون کاربرد به‌عنوان شاهد و کاربرد میکوریزا)</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">،</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> محلول&shy;پاشی نانواکسیدآهن و سیلیکون در چهار سطح (محلول&shy;پاشی با آب به&shy;عنوان شاهد</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">،</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> محلول&shy;پاشی نانواکسید آهن</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">،</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> نانوسیلیکون</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">،</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> کاربرد توام نانواکسیدآهن و سیلیکون)</span></span></span></b></font><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> بود.</span></span></span></span></b><font color="#000000"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> نتایج نشان داد که </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: lime;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">قطع آبیاری</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">،</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> هدایت روزنه&shy;ای و محتوای نسبی آب را در همه مراحل نمونه&shy;برداری کاهش داد ولی</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">،</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> کاربرد نانوذرات و میکوریزا قادر بودند بخشی از این کاهش را جبران نمایند. همچنین کاربرد توام نانوذرات و میکوریزا در شرایط </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: lime;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">قطع آبیاری</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: lime;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> در مرحله آبستنی</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">، محتوای مالون&shy;دی&shy;آلدهید و پراکسید هیدروژن (به&shy;ترتیب 87/58 و 04/36 درصد) را نسبت به عدم کاربرد نانوذرات و میکوریزا در همان سطح از آبیاری</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">،</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">کاهش داد ولی فعالیت آنزیم&shy;های کاتالاز، پلی&shy;فنل&shy;اکسیداز و پراکسیداز (به&shy;ترتیب 67/34، 14/32، 18/32 درصد)، محتوای پرولین و قندهای محلول (به‌ترتیب 01/38 و33/28 درصد) را در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد میکوریزا و نانوسیلیکون و آهن </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">در همان سطح آبیاری افزایش داد. <span style="background: yellow;">بیشترین عملکرد دانه (76/2 گرم در بوته) در </span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">کاربرد توام نانوذرات و میکوریزا در شرایط</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> آبیاری کامل بدست آمد که در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد میکوریزا و نانوذرات در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">،</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> عملکرد دانه را 2/45 درصد افزایش داد.</span></span></span></span></b><b>&nbsp; </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">بر اساس نتایج این بررسی</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">،</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: "> می&shy;توان پیشنهاد نمود که در شرایط </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background: lime;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">قطع آبیاری</span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family: ">، کاربرد نانوذرات و میکوریزا می‌تواند با بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی، عملکرد دانه چاودار را افزایش دهد.</span></span></span></b></font></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; <span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><font size="3">Water limitation is one of the most important abiotic stresses that can decrease growth and yield of rye (<i>Secale cereal </i></font><font size="3">L.). Several strategies have been suggested in order to improve yield</font></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""> of rye under water limitation conditiond</span></span></span><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">, among them </span></span></span></font><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><font size="3">application of </font><font size="3">mycorrhiza, nanoparticles of iron and silicon</font></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""> play a key role in yield improvement.</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""> In this regard, </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">in order to study the effects of mycorrhiza, nanoparticles of iron and silicon </span></span></font><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><font size="3">on some physiological and biochemical traits of rye (<i>Secale cereal </i></font><font size="3">L.) under </font></span></span><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="background: lime;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">withholding irrigation</span></span></span></span></span> <font size="3"><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">conditions</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">, an experimental as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 2022. Experimental factors were included irrigation in three levels (full irrigation as control, </span></span></font><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">withholding irrigation at 50% of heading and booting stage</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">s), mycorrhiza application at two levels (no application as control, application of mycorrhiza), nano iron-silicon oxide foliar application at four levels (foliar application with water as control, nano iron oxide foliar application, nano silicon, both application nano iron-silicon oxide). The results showed that </span></span></font><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="background: lime;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">withholding irrigation</span></span></span></span></span> <font size="3"><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">decreased relative water content and stomatal conductance in all of sampling stages, but application of nanoparticles and mycorrhiza </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">were able to compensate</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""> of part of this reduction. </span></span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">Also, both application nanoparticle and mycorrhiza under </font></span></font><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="background: lime;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">withholding irrigation</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""> at booting stage</span></span></span></span><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""> decreased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents (58.87 and 36.04% respectively) in comparison with no application of nanoparticle and mycorrhiza in the same irrigation level</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">. But, it increased </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">the activity of catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""> (34.67, 32.14 and 32.18%</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""> respectively</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">), proline and soluble sugars contents (38.01 and 28.33% </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">respectively</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">) </span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">in comparison with no application of mycorrhiza and nano iron-silicon oxide in the same irrigation level</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">. <span style="background: yellow;">Maximum of grain yield (2.76 g.per plant) was obtained </span></span><span style="background: yellow;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">at both application nanoparticle and mycorrhiza in full irrigation, which increased grain yield of 45.2% in comparison with no application of mycorrhiza and nano iron-silicon oxide</span></span><span style="background: yellow;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""> under </span></span></font></font><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">withholding irrigation at booting stage</span></span></span></span></span><font size="3"><span style="background: yellow;"><span style="color: black;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">s.</span></span></span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that under </font></span></font><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="background: lime;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times="">withholding irrigation</span></span></span></span></span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000"><font size="3">conditions, application of nanoparticles and mycorrhiza can increase grain yield of rye by improving the physiological and biochemical traits. </font></font></span></span><br> &nbsp; پراکسید هیدروژن, پرولین, قندهای محلول, هدایت روزنه‌ای.‌ hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, proline, soluble sugars, stomatal conductance‎ 5 27 http://cpj.ahvaz.iau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-58-15&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Fatemeh‎ basiri rad فاطمه بصیری راد fatemehbasirirad@gmail.com 1375696726 100319475328460011028 No Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of ‎Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran‎ دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی raouf seyed sharifi رئوف سید شریفی raouf_ssharifi@yahoo.com 1375696726 100319475328460011029 Yes Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of ‎Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran‎ دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی khoshnaz payandeh خوشناز پاینده payandeh426@gmail.com 1375696726 100319475328460011030 No Department of Soil Science, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran گروه خاک‌شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.‌ Sara Mohammadi Kale Sarlou سارا محمدی کله سرلو mohammadiisara1@gmail.com 1375696726 100319475328460011031 No Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of ‎Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran‎ انشگاه محقق اردبیلی