fa ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی هیبریدهای جدید ذرت (Zea mays L.) در واکنش به محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی Crop Physiology پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="tab-stops:right 7.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">این پژوهش به&shy;منظور بررسی اثر </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">محلول&shy;پاشی</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">عناصر ریزمغذی‌ بر عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی <span style="color:black">هیبریدهای جدید</span></span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ذرت طی سال&shy;های </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">1395</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و 1396</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> در مزرعه تحقیقاتی </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">صفی‌آباد دزفول </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">انجام شد. این آزمایش</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به&shy;صورت </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اسپلیت&shy;پلات </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار اجرا شد</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. تیمار اصلی شامل محلول&shy;</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی در مراحل هشت برگی و زمان ظهور کامل اندام&shy;های گیاه در سطوح کنترل، </span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">Fe</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، </span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">Mn</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، </span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">Zn</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، </span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">Fe+Mn</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">،</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"> Fe+Zn</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">،</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">Mn+Zn </span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">، </span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">Mn+Zn</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">+</span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">Fe</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و سطوح هیبرید (سینگل کراس) شامل </span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">637</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> (</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR" lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">45/1-<b>2z25</b></span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، هیبرید </span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">637</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> (</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">45/1-2z2</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، هیبرید </span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">670</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> (</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">mol7</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، هیبرید </span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">701</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> (</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">mx11z18/1</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، هیبرید </span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">677</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> (</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">1/64/018z35</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، هیبرید</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">702 </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&nbsp;(</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">2/12/15/3-1</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">) و هیبریدمبین (</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">mx11z18/2</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به&shy;عنوان تیمار فرعی </span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-BH" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در نظر گرفته شدند. </span></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد اثر ساده عناصر ریزمغذی و هیبرید بر شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد دانه در بلال، وزن صددانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت و درصد نیتروژن دانه در سطح احتمال یک درصد و اثر برهم‌کنش عناصر ریزمغذی در هیبرید بر عملکرد دانه در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. بیش&shy;ترین شاخص سطح برگ و عملکرد بیولوژیک در سال دوم از محلول&shy;پاشی ترکیبی آهن، منگنز و روی حاصل شد. بیش&shy;ترین عملکرد دانه (61/14 تن در هکتار) در سال دوم با محلول&shy;پاشی ترکیبی آهن، منگنز و روی در هیبربد 670 حاصل شد که نسبت به تیمار کنترل در هیبربد 702 حدود 45 درصد افزایش یافت. </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">با توجه به نتایج فوق محلول&shy;پاشی سه عنصر ریزمغذی آهن، منگنـز و روی در دو زمان هشت برگی و زمان ظهور کامل اندام&shy;های گیاه برای افزایش عملکرد و بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیک ذرت هیبریـد 670 در شرایط منطقه توصیه می&shy;شود.</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> &nbsp; <span style="line-height:150%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><b><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of foliar application of micronutrients on the yield and some physiological traits of new corn hybrids during 2016and 2017 in Safiabad Dezful research farm<i>.</i></span></span></b><b><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">&nbsp;This experiment was performed as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design in four replications</span></span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">.</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">The main treatment includes foliar application of micronutrients in the eight-leaf stages and the time of full emergence of plant organs in the control levels, Fe, Mn, Zn, Fe+Mn, Fe+Zn, Mn+Zn, Mn+Zn+Fe and hybrid levels (single cross) including 637 (45/1-2z25), hybrid 637 (45/1-2z2), hybrid 670 (mol7), hybrid 701(mx11z18/1), hybrid 677 (1/64/018z35), hybrid702 (2/12/15/3-1) and hybridimbin (mx11z18/2) were considered as secondary treatment. The results of variance analysis showed the simple effect of micronutrient elements and hybrid on leaf area index, number of seeds per cob, 100 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and seed nitrogen percentage at the probability level of one percent and the interaction effect of micronutrient elements in hybrid on the grain yield was significant at the 1% probability level. The highest index of leaf area and biological yield in the second year was obtained from the combined foliar application of iron, manganese and zinc. The highest seed yield (14</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">.61</span></span></b><b><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"> ton/ha) was obtained in the second year with the combined application of iron, manganese and zinc in hybrid 670, which increased by 45% compared to the control treatment in hybrid 702.</span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">According to the above results, it is recommended to spray the three micronutrient elements iron, manganese and zinc in two times of eight leaves and the time of full appearance of the plant organs to increase the yield and improve the physiological characteristics of hybrid corn 670 in the conditions of the region.</span></span></b></span></span><br> <br> &nbsp; آهن, شاخص برداشت, شاخص سطح برگ, نیتروژن دانه و وزن صددانه. 1000 grain weight, harvest index, iron, leaf area index and seed nitrogen. 81 98 http://cpj.ahvaz.iau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-226-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Forough Chinipardaz فروغ چینی پرداز Foroughchinipardaz@yahoo.com 100319475328460011479 100319475328460011479 No Ph.D. candidate of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran دانشجوی دکتری خاکشناسی، واحد اهواز ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران Teimour Babeinejad تیمور بابایی نژاد Timoorba@yahoo.com 100319475328460011480 100319475328460011480 Yes Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran گروه خاکشناسی، واخد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران Ali Gholami علی غلامی Ali.Gholami@yahoo.com 100319475328460011481 100319475328460011481 No Department of Agriculture, Shahinshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahinshahr, Iran گروه کشاورزی، واحد شاهین شهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهین شهر، ایران Mohammad Barzegari محمد برزگری Mohammad.Barzegari@yahoo.com 100319475328460011482 100319475328460011482 No Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran گروه خاکشناسی، واخد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران Navid Ghanavati نوید قنواتی Navid.ghanavati@yahoo.com 100319475328460011483 100319475328460011483 No Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran گروه خاکشناسی، واخد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران