fa ارزیابی اثر کاربرد کودهای زیستی محرک رشد گیاه بر صفات زراعی و ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی ژنوتیپ‌های لوبیا قرمز (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی Crop Physiology كاربردي Applicable <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به‌منظور بررسی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اثر</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کاربرد کودهای</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">زیستی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">فسفر و پتاسیم</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بر برخی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">صفات مهم مورفولوژیکی، ویژگی‌های</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">زراعی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و عملکرد لوبیا قرمز این آزمایش در تابستان سال‌های 94-1393 و به‌صورت دو ساله در مزرعه</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تحقیقات</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کشاورزی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">دانشگاه</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">آزاد اسلامی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">واحد اراک</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اجرا شد. این</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به‌صورت</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کرت‌های</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">خردشده</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در قالب</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">طرح</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بلوک‌های</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کامل</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تصادفی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">با سه</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پژوهشی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شامل</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">استفاده از کودهای</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">زیستی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در چهار سطح</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">عدم</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">استفاده، کاربرد کود زیستی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">فسفر، کود زیستی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پتاسیم</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و استفاده</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">توأم</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کود زیستی فسفر + کود زیستی پتاسیم و چهار ژنوتیپ</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">لوبیا قرمز</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نام‌های رقم گلی، لاین </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">D81083</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">،</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">رقم درخشان و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">KS31169</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> بودند. کاربرد کودهای</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">زیستی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در اوایل</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">دوره رشد</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">رویشی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و همچنین</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در مرحله</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">قبل</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از گلدهی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">انجام</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پذیرفت. نتایج</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نشان</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">داد کاربرد کودهای</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">زیستی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">توانست</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به‌طور معنی‌داری</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">عملکرد تک</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بوته، تعداد دانه</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در بوته،</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تعداد غلاف</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در متر مربع،</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تعداد ساقه</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">فرعی، کلروفیل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">a</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، کلروفیل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">b</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">،</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نسبت کلروفیل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">a</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> به کلروفیل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">b</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، نسبت وزن پوسته به وزن کل غلاف و نسبت</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پتاسیم</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">فسفر دانه را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. در</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">این</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بررسی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">رقم گلی با تولید 71/8 گرم</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در بوته بیش‌ترین</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">عملکرد دانه</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">را تولید کرد. همچنین</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به‌طور متوسط</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">عملکرد دانه</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">لوبیا از 56/6 گرم</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در بوته</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در عدم استفاده از کودهای زیستی به 80/8 گرم</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در بوته در استفاده توأم</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کودهای</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">زیستی، 5/25% افزایش</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پیدا کرد. ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی در تمام صفات مذکور اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان دادند ولی اثر برهم‌کنش کاربرد کودهای زیستی و ژنوتیپ فقط در صفات</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تعداد دانه در بوته، تعداد غلاف در مترمربع معنی‌دار شد. بدین ترتیب با کاربرد کودهای زیستی می‌توان علاوه بر افزایش کمی و جذب عناصر ضروری از طریق تحریک رشد سبب بهبود ویژگی های کیفی لوبیا قرمز شد. </span></span></span></strong> <strong>In order to investigate the effects of phosphorous and potassium fertilizers on some important morphological traits, agronomic characteristics and yield of red bean cultivars, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Arak, in</strong><strong> the summer of</strong><strong> 2013-2014</strong><strong> and in two consecutive years</strong><strong>. This experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included the use of bio fertilizers at four levels of non-use, application of phosphorus biofertilizer, potassium biofertilizer and</strong> <strong>phosphorus biofertilizer + potassium biofertilizer and four red bean genotypes, Goli, D81083, Derakhshan, and KS31169/3. The application of biological fertilizers was carried out early in the vegetative period and also in the pre-flowering stage. The results showed that application of biological fertilizers could significantly affect the yield of single plant, number of seeds per plant, number of pods per m², number of branches, chlorophyll a,</strong> <strong>Chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b ratio,</strong> <strong>ratio the shell weight by the weight of the entire pod and potassium</strong><strong><span dir="RTL">-</span></strong><strong>phosphorus ratio. In this study, Goli cultivar produced the highest seed yield of 8.71 g plant^-1. Also, the grain yield of beans increased by 25.5%. from 6.56 g plant^-1 in the absence of biofertilizers to 8.80 g plant^-1 in combined fertilizer application.</strong> <strong>The genotypes showed significant differences in all of the studied traits, but the interaction between application of fertilizers and genotype was significant only in number of seeds per plant, number of pods per square meter.</strong> <strong>Thus, using biofertilizers, in addition to quantitative increase and absorption of essential elements by stimulating growth, can improve quality characteristics of red beans.</strong><br> &nbsp; کودهای زیستی, لوبیا قرمز, فسفر و عملکرد دانه. biological fertilizers, red beans, phosphorus and grain yield. 63 79 http://cpj.ahvaz.iau.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-181&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Saeid Chavoshi سعید چاوشی 10031947532846005157 10031947532846005157 Yes Ghorban Nourmohamadi قربان نورمحمدی 10031947532846005158 10031947532846005158 No Hamid Madani حمید مدنی 10031947532846005159 10031947532846005159 No Hossein heidari sharif Aabad حسین حیدری شریف آباد 10031947532846005160 10031947532846005160 No Mojtaba Alavifazel مجتبی علوی فاضل 10031947532846005161 10031947532846005161 No